Draftless ventilator



Nov. 1, 1938. WAGNER 2,135,369

DRAFTLESS VENTILATOR Filed Sept. 25, 1938 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 l 25 INVENTOR.

ATTORNEY.

Nov. 1, 1938. H. F. WAGNER -DRAFTLESS VENTILATOR Filed Sept. 25, 1936 2 Sheets-Sheet INV EN TOR. M

XQW

. ATTQRNEY.

Patented Nov; 1, 1938 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Claims.

My invention relates to improvements in draftless ventilators and it more especially consists of the features pointed out in the claims.

The purpose of my invention is to provide a 5 unitary ventilator having the following features,

viz:-

Two perforated sheets with same sized openings formed the same distance apart in two directions but the holes in one plate are in staggered relation in two directions to the holes in the other plate.

The relation of the size of the openings to the distance they are apart and the interspace between the assembled plates is such that moving air engaging the outside face of one plate will emerge from, the outside face of the other plate practically without a draft.

By combining a unitary ventilator with a pair of flanged end plates, between which the ends of the unitary ventilator are positioned, they compensate for varying window widths within any tolerance that is found desirable in practice.

Two unitary ventilators arranged so that one will telescope over the other and thus in cooperation with the flanged end plates be adaptable to other variations in window widths.

An adjustable ventilator installed in a given window space with its unitary ventilators telescoping onto each other so that the openings of the telescopic portion of one set of plates are in register with the telescopic portion of the other set of plates so that a self fastening button of any desired form may be inserted into two registering holes to hold the adjacently positioned plates of the two ventilators against accidental separation.

In addition to the above purposes I form the openings of one plate so that the first row from the top will be near tothat edge and the row at right angles at one end of the plate will also be near that edge and in the other plate the bottom row of holes will be near the bottom edge and the vertical row of holes of this second plate will be adjacent to the opposite end from the row of holes adjacent the end of the first plate so that when the plates are assembled the openings of one plate will be in staggered relation diagonally to the openings in the other plate in two directions and the plates will be retained in this 5 relation. By reason of thus forming the openings in the two plates errors in assembling the plates in proper relation to each other is entirely eliminated and the speed of assembling is accelerated. The accuracy of the spaced apart rela- 55 tion of the plates to each other is maintained by forming a gauge flange along one lengthwise edgegof a plateand a corresponding gauge flange along the opposite edge of the other plate and only assembling flanges along the other edges.

It is further noted that as my ventilator is not 5 positioned beneath an opened window sash but on the parting strip between the lower and upper sashes the entire area of the ventilator may be closed by lowering the sash or only a portion of it may be closed off as desired. The lower rail 10 of. the sash engages the inside face of the ventilator.

A further purpose is to fixedly hold the plates at an optimum or maximum distance apart for some uses and for other uses to adjust them into contact with each other, both plates having the same sized openings staggered in two directions from plate to plate.

It is also a purpose of my invention to meet special conditions to use three plates having same sized openings staggered in two directions the middle plate being adjustable into contact with one or the other of g the outer plates.

.It is a unique feature of my ventilator that by reason of the practical relation of the size of the openings (approximately 15% of the entire area) to the distance the plates are apart and the extent of staggering in two directions, that I am able to produce a draftless Ventilator. Practical tests extending over summer and winter seasons have shown that the ventilators perform. in a highly efiicient manner. In fact certain spectacular tests show that a. fan blowing air through a, ventilator does not extinguish a candle flame on the other side. Paradoxically the flame leans toward the fan instead of away from it. Tests have been made with single perforated plates, two separate plates with unstaggered openings, three plates with different sized openings, without approaching the unique results that characterize my ventilators.

This application is a continuation in part of Serial No. 596,241,

With these and other ends in view I illustrate in the accompanying drawing such instances of 545 adaptation as will show the broad features of my invention without limiting myself to the specific details shown thereon and. described herein.

' Fig. 1 is an outside elevation of one-half of a unitary ventilator, Fig. 1A is a sectional view in part of Fig. 1.

Fig. 2 is an inside elevation of the other half of a unitary ventilator,

Fig. 2A isa sectional view in part of Fig. 2.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary elevation of a portion of the perforated plates.

Fig. 4 is a plan view in section of a pair of plates with double folded ends and a separate joining plate at each end.

Fig. 5 is a top plan view, partly in horizontal section, showing the telescopic relation of a unitary ventilator assembled in the channeled end supporting plates.

Fig. 6 is a side elevation of a registering button.

Fig. 'l is an end elevation partly in section on a vertical plane showing an interlaced relation of the top and bottom edges.

Fig. 8 is a fragmentaryperspective of a single plate showing how the flanges are removed at the corners to facilitate the assembling of a pair of plates.

Fig. 9 is a perspective of a channeled supporting end plate. r

Fig. 10 is a modification of Fig. 9 showing a releasing slot. Fig. 11 is an elevation in section of a ventilator attached to the parting strip of a window frame, showing the relation of the bottom rail of a window sash to the ventilator also showing one of" the 'plates'adjustable toward the other.

Fig. 12 is an'elevation in section of a ventilator having a movable plate between the two outside plates. v

Fig. 13' is a top plan view in section of an open ended section" adapted to be combined in tele- 1 scopic relation to separa'te end sections.

Fig. 14' is an elevation in section showing the plate and a similargauge flange along the opposite edge of the other plate and narrow assembling flanges cooperating with the gauge flanges, a gauge flange and an assembling flange being spot welded to each other.

Fig lfi is a diagrammatic elevation in section on'the line 1-5' of Fig. 3 showing the approximate dimensional relation of the square and diagonal dimensions of Figs. 3 and 16.

Fig. 16 is a diagrammatic elevation of a group of interrelated openings showing the approximate square diagonal center to center dimensions and the approximate diameter of the openings in the plates.

General description In installing my ventilator I may use whatever alternatives or equivalents of structural features that. the exigencies of varying conditions may de- .mand'without depar ing. .f om the broad spirit of the invention.v V V Any desired size of a perforated plate. may be used. It has flanges. formed on all edgesv which flanges-determine the distance a pair of plates welding the flanges or otherwise as desired.

If the ventilator is to be adjustable endwise the second section. need not. be closed at one end by flanges. This permits it. to. slide telescopically over or into the othersection. If desired, the entering end of the other section may also have the flanges omitted, or overlapped as shown in 7 Fig. 5. The two sections, may be adjusted in respect. to each other in steps corresponding to the distance ofthe centers of the openings are apart, and when so adjusted any suitable form of a self-retaining button may be passed through a pair of openings (Fig. 6) so as to hold them in register with each other and thereby maintain the perforate relation-0f the assembled plates throughout their length. Without this provision the plates might be so adjusted that the openings of the overlapping part of the two sections would be entirely closed.

In addition the registering buttons referred to provide a safety factor in that when an adjustable ventilator is installed many stories above the street, if no provision were made for practically locking the two sections to each other the blowing of wind might cause the sections to shift endwise and become released from the flanged end supports, thus precipitating them onto the street below as a hazard to pedestrians.

Theflanged end supports have slotted openings for the reception of nails or screws for holding them against theparting strip of the window frame." The flanges of these supports project over the sides of the ventilator sufficiently far to compensate for smaller differences in window widths.

In an approximate sense I have found a favorable working cooperation between the plates when they are spaced apart approximately the same distance as the diameter of the openings with the openings formed in each plate approximately one inch from center to center in two directions so that when -a pair of plates is assembled the openings of one plate in relation to the openings of the other plate, parallel to the rows of openings, will be approximately one-half inch from center to center- The diagonal relation from center to center of theopenings will be the cosecant of 45 timesthe side of a unit square or 1.4l42x1 inch or- 1.4142 inches. The size of the openings which give cooperative results are approximately seven-sixteenths inch in diameter.

The exact shape of similar area, spaced and positioned openings is immaterial, as they may be round, square diamond shaped, or have other contoursuzln addition instead of a row of the openings being positioned at right angles to the edges of the plates they may be placed in rows at 45 to the plate. edges, or the rows of openings may be located at approximately 30 and to the edges of the plates. In'any event the spacing will be the same on each plate.

Starting'simple tests of the. draft suppressive.

features of the invention have been made in the actual installation ofmy ventilators. In contrast ;to the use of conventional louvre-type ventilators that are placed below a window sash I position my ventilator inv contact with the outer face 'of the bottom rail of. the Window sash l l.

Both plates. are made with the same die so that the flanges at. the.- top of the first. plate rest on top of the upper flange of the secondplate and the lower flange of the second plate engages the lower face of the. bottom flange of the first plate. A, similar disposition is made of the end flanges.

' Detailed description The ventilator consists of. a thin flanged plate I and a duplicate flanged plate 2. The. plates. may be, provided with either plain flanges 5 or folded flanges 6., .theformer showni-n Figuresv 1, 2 and 5.; and thelatterin Figs. iandv '1. These flangesv are cut. away at. each corner as. shownv at. I on Fig. 8. The perforated plate I is made. the same size as the, plate. 7. so that-the; flanges of both plates will be assembled adjacent'each other. When assembled the overlapping flanges 6 maybe secured to each other as shown in'Fig. 4 :by alseparate end binding strip 25, or interlaced as shown in Fig. '7 or by spotwelding 33, shown in Figs. 5, 14 and 15. In plate I openings 3 are formed over the entire plate and in plate 2 duplicate openings l as to size and spacing are also formed, however, the openings of plate 2:are in staggered relation in two directions to the openings in plate I as shown in Fig. 3. J

Plates I and 2 when assembled form a unitary ventilator. To provide small T adjustments in length of the ventilator, I provide channeled end plates 8, Figs. 5 and 9, that are secured to the parting strip 21 between the lower and upper sashes. These plates have extended sides 9 between which the ventilator is positioned and the plates are secured by screws or otherwise that pass through slots II]. The slots III, Fig. '9, may be enlarged at 25 near or at one end, Fig. 10, to permit the head of a screw to pass through. This simplifies the installation of the Ventilators.

The ventilator, as shown in Fig. 11 rests on the window sill I8 and its inner face is on substantially the same vertical plane as the outer face of the bottom rail II of the window sash. When a ventilator is to be extended in length to a greater distance than the flanged plates 8 will permit, two separate groups of plates I and 2 are formed. The one group sliding telescopically over the other as indicated at I2 of Fig. 5. In order to hold such plates against accidental separation and at the same time maintain the openings 3 and 4 in register with each other, retaining buttons I3 are provided as shown in Figs. 5 and 6. These buttons have spring feet I I that retain the buttons in a pair of adjacent openings which are in register with each other.

If desired a plate I having flanges 5 as shown in Fig. il may be assembled with an unflanged single plate I5, which latter may be moved into contact with plate I or maintained a desired distance away therefrom in any suitable way (not shown). The openings in both plates as in the case of assembled plates I and 2 are in staggered relation to each other in two directions.

In case it is desired to use a control plate I6 between plates I and 2, Fig. 12, the flanges 5 may be made wider than otherwise, and the plate I6 may be moved either toward plate I or plate 2 into actual contact therewith or may be positioned at different distances between the plates as desired by any suitable means (not shown). In any event the openings in the plates I, 2 and 56 are of the same size and spacing but are staggered in two directions. The holes may be in register only with the holes of plate 2 or only with the holes of plate I, or out of register with the holes of both plates.

In Figs. 15 and 16 the approximate dimensional characteristics are illustrated diagrammatically, for instance, the diameter of the open ings is designated by I9. The distance the openings are apart at right angles to each other by Zil, the diagonal distance the openings are apart by 2I and the staggered relation .(not diagonal) by 22. The extent of staggering in two directions is approximately one-half of 2 I, Fig. 16.

In order to insure that plates I and 2 are properly assembled so that the holes of the plates are in staggered relation to each other in two directions, the holes of plate I, that is the first row, are placed near the top edge 23 as shown in Fig. 1 and the first row of holes 24 at right angles is placed near the vertical right hand edge of Fig. 1. In contrast to this, the vertical edge of the plate 2 has the holes 24' formed near it at the left hand side of Fig. 2 and the lengthwise first row of holes 23 is positioned near the bottom edge of the plate as shown in Fig. 2. By reason of thisarrangement, the assembling of plates I and 2 can be carried out expeditiously without making any mistakes in grouping the plates.

withthe holes of both plates in staggered rela- Lion in two directions.

In Fig. 14 I show a simple expedient which insures that the plates are always assembled at the same distance apart 34. This is accomplished by forming a wide gauge flange 28 along one edge of a plate and a corresponding wide gauge flange along the opposite edge of the other plate. Narrow assembling flanges 29 engage the gauge flanges 28 where they are spotwelded to each other. The width of the flanges 29 need not be very accurate, because all the required accuracy is borne by the gauge flanges 28. Fig. 4 shows overlapping end flanges 6, with an exterior tie piece 25 while Fig. 7 shows interlaced flanges II. In Figs. 5 and 15 the flanges are overlapped at 3!! without the provision shown in Fig. 14.

When the ventilator is to be used in very widewindows an open ended center shown in Fig. 13 may be used to slide telescopically into the left hand end section 3I and into the right hand end section 32. In this way, a few standard sizes will be adaptable to varying sizes of windows.

In addition to serving as a ventilator, my device also'serves to keep out rain and snow. It clarifies rooms of average size effectively without draft, likewise the ingress of dirt and dust is prevented. Rooms are adequately ventilated without soiling curtains as when windows are left open. I have described window ventilators but I do not however, limit myself to this specific adaptation.

These advantages are further secured by placing the ventilator so that the holes of the outside plate nearest the bottom edge are positioned in the window opening with such holes facing outward so that any accumulation of rain will drain outward, thus keeping the ventilator clear of any accumulations.

What I claim is:-

1. In draftless ventilators, a plurality of plates having uniformly sized and uniformly spaced openings therethrough, a flange along each edge of each plate said flanges being disconnected at the corners, means for assembling the plates spaced apart with the respective flanges of one plate overlapping the respective flanges of the other plate, and means for holding the plates in an assembled relation so that the openings of one plate are staggered intermediate of the openings of the other plate in two directions.

2. As an article of manufacture, a draftless ventilator comprising a pair of flanged perforated plates maintained in approximate spaced apart parallel relation by saidflanges serving as gauges said plates having openings the diameter 7 Without this provision great confusionwould arise in not getting the plates assembled iii forming one group, means for assembling the plates. spaced apart and maintaining them in the the overlapping portions of the two groups against displacement so that the openings of one group register with the openings oft'he other group, and separate flanged supporting means secured to the sides of the window opening positioned adjacent the projecting ends of each group whereby such ends are positioned respectively between the flanges of said supporting means.

4. In window ventilators, a perforated sheet, a gauge flange along one edge, a narrower assembling flange along the other edge, a second duplicate sheet havingsimilar flanges, means for assembling the sheets so that a gauge flange of one sheet is always adjacent an assembling flange of the other sheet whereby the spaced apart position of the sheets will be maintained in a predetermined. relation, and a row of perforations adjacent each gauge flange.

5. A ventilator adapted to be mounted in a window frame having a sliding sash, a pair of perforatedrplates having duplicate sized and equally spaced openings, the openings in one 7 ings in the other platebeing formed adjacent the upper edge of the plate, means for holding the.

plates assembled so that the distance they are separated from each other is approximately the same as the diameter of the openings, means for assembling the ventilator in the window frame in engagement with the outside of the sash so that the openings along its said bottom edge will be adjacent, the bottom and outer edge of the ventilator to thereby constitute an outlet for any accumulations that may form between the plates.v

HERMAN F. WAGNER. 

